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بزرگنمایی

multiple cysts in kidney


Patient with renal failure who undergo dialysis for years may develop multiple cysts in their kidneys. Such cysts are more numerous than the common simple renal cysts, but usually less numerous than cysts with DPKD, and the size of the kidneys is usually not markedly increased   
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NEUTROPHILS - TOXIC GRANULATION


Granularity: thick granules, more eosinophilic stained than typical neutrophilic granularity. Single granules with a tendency to aggregate. Occurrence in blood: normally not present Comment: Band neutrophil leucocyte with dark, very abundant toxic granulation. Also anisocytosis of erythrocytes. Numerous ovalocytes. Normal platelets. Staining: MGG Magnification: x 1000   
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Pneumocystis carinii


13- Pneumocystis carinii may have a variety of "atypical" features, including scant foamy exudate and interstitial fibrosis, as seen here microscopically   
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E. floccosum 40x


E. floccosum   
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papillary carcinoma


Sectioning through a lobe of excised thyroid gland reveals papillary carcinoma. This neoplasm can be multifocal, as seen here, because of the propensity to invade lymphatics within thyroid, and lymph node metastases are common. The larger mass is cystic and contains papillary excresences. These tumors most often arise in middle-aged females.   
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Candidiasis 100x


Candidiasis   
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The tubular vacuolization and tubular dilation


270) The tubular vacuolization and tubular dilation here is a result of the toxic effect of ethylene glycol poisoning. This is representative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), which has many causes. ATN resulting from toxins usually has diffuse tubular involvement, whereas ATN resulting from ischemia (as in profound hypotension from cardiac failure) has patchy tubular involvement   
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Aspergillusis 100x


Aspergillusis    
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Bacillus cereus


The form of Bacillus cereus colonies varies depending on strain. Generally large colonies with a dull or frost-glass surface and undulate margin. General characteristics: Gram-positive, spore-forming rods. Catalase-positive. Normally motile, although often slow. Attacks glucose by fermentation    
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PLATELET


Size of the cell: 1 - 4 m Shape of the cell: round or oval, with irregularly jagged margin Colour of cytoplasm: blue Granularity: fine, violet granules filling central area of platelet. Thin margin without granules on the periphery of the cell. Decrease or disappearance of granules in platelets is a morphological anomaly Nucleus: not present Comment: Single, giant platelet prominently degranulated with granulation concentrated in one pole of the cell. Staining: MGG Magnification: x 1000    
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ERYTHROBLASTS IN THE BLOOD


Definition: Cells with dark, condensed nucleus, morphology like in the bone marrow Occurrence in blood: normally not present. Present only in the blood of newborn children. Comment: An early polychromatophilic erythroblast is present in the blood. Also several ovalocytes and microcytes are present. Staining: MGG Magnification: x 1000    
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(CT) scan of the abdomen


This computed tomographic (CT) scan without contrast of the abdomen in transverse view demonstrates multiple mass lesions resulting in a markedly enlarged liver extending from right to nearly the left side of the upper abdomen. These are metastases from a colonic adenocarcinoma. A normal sized spleen is seen at the lower left   
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NEUTROPHIL METAMYELOCYTE


Size of the cell: 14 - 20 mm Shape of the cell: oval or round Colour of cytoplasm: pink Granularity: a few azurophilic and neutrophilic, different in number Nucleus' shape: elongated, semicircular Type of chromatin: condensed Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio: low or very low Nucleoli: not visible Occurrence: blood: not present marrow: 10 - 25 % Comment: Neutrophil metamyelocyte indicated by the arrow is present in blood. Besides, neutrophil segmented and band-forms leucocytes are seen. Platelets not rich in granules. Staining: MGG Magnification: x 1000    
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Trichocephalus egg 40x


Trichocephalus egg 40x   
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Human immunodeficiency virus


A human immunodeficiency viral particle is seen budding from the infected cell surface at the top, with a complete viral particle at bottom in this high magnification electron micrograph   
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"nutmeg" liver


Here is an example of a "nutmeg" liver seen with chronic passive congestion of the liver. Note the dark red congested regions that represent accumulation of RBC's in centrilobular regions   
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simple renal cysts


Very common in adult kidneys seen at autopsy are one or several simple renal cysts. These cause no problems   
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Enterobius vermicularis female 40x egg


Enterobius vermicularis female   
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Hydatic cyste 10x


Hydatic cyste 10x   
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Hereditary hemochromatosis - HHC


The dark brown color of the liver, as well as the pancreas (bottom center) and lymph nodes (bottom right) on sectioning is due to extensive iron deposition in a middle-aged man with hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC). HHC results from a mutation involving the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) that leads to increased iron absorption from the gut. The prevalence is between 1:200 and 1:500 persons in the U.S. About 1 in 10 persons of northern European ancestry carries the abnormal recessive HFE gene, and most of these are the C282Y mutation   
 

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ایمونولوژی

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